Method for manufacturing fuel cell metallic separator

ABSTRACT

A metallic separator according to a first embodiment is formed by obtaining a blank by rolling a metallic material having conductive inclusions, and removing a surface of the blank by 2% or more of the thickness of the blank. A metallic separator according to a second embodiment is formed by pressing a metallic plate so as to have a cross section including ridges and grooves alternatively, and removing parts of the ridged portions so as to make flattened surfaces. A metallic separator having conductive inclusions in its metal texture according to a third embodiment is formed by blasting a liquid containing two or more kinds of abrasives having different particle diameters to a blank after it has been rolled. A metallic separator having conductive inclusion in its metal texture according to a fourth embodiment is formed by blasting a passivation treatment liquid mixed with abrasives to the separator.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a Divisional Application, which claims the benefit of pendingU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/309,320, filed Dec. 4, 2002. Thedisclosure of the prior application is hereby incorporated herein in itsentirety by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a metallic separator which is installedin a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell and a method for manufacturingthe same metallic separator.

2. Description of the Related Art

In a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, a laminated body in whichseparators are laminated on both sides of a flat plate-like membraneelectrode assembly (MEA) is made to be one unit, and a plurality ofunits are stacked together to form a fuel cell stack. The membraneelectrode assembly is of a three-layer construction in which anelectrolytic membrane comprising an ion-exchanging resin is held betweena pair of gas diffusion electrodes which constitute a positive pole(cathode) and a negative pole (anode). The gas diffusion electrode issuch that a gas diffusion layer is formed on the outside of an electrodecatalyst layer which contacts the electrolytic membrane. In addition,the separator is laminated in such a manner as to be brought intocontact with the gas diffusion electrode of the membrane electrodeassembly, whereby a gas flow path through which gas is allowed to flowand a coolant flow path are formed between the separator so laminatedand the gas diffusion electrode. According to the fuel cell, forexample, when hydrogen gas which is fuel is allowed to flow through agas flow path which faces the gas diffusion electrode on the negativepole side, whereas oxide gas such as oxygen or air is allowed to flowtrough a gas flow path which faces the gas diffusion electrode on thepositive pole side, an electrochemical reaction occurs and current isgenerated.

The separators need to have a function to supply electrons generatedthrough a catalytic reaction of hydrogen gas on the negative pole sideto an outside circuit, as well as a function to supply electrons fromthe outside circuit to the positive pole side. To this end, conductivematerials, such as graphite and metallic materials, are used for theseparators. In particular, the metallic materials are considered to beadvantageous in that they have superior mechanical strength and thatthey can be formed into a thin plate which can eventually provide aseparator light in weight and small in size. As the metallic separator,there is a separator which is manufactured by rolling stainless steelcontaining conductive inclusions which are deposited and/or dispersedtherein into a thin plate, and forming by pressing the thin plate so asto have a cross section constituted by alternate ridges and grooves sothat the grooves formed on front and back surfaces of the thin plate areused for the gas flow paths and coolant flow paths. The conductiveinclusions are such as to contribute to the improvement in powergenerating performance by forming a conductive path.

With the metallic separators so constructed, the ridges surfaces arebrought into contact with gas diffusion electrodes of the membraneelectrode assembly in a state in which the separators are assembled tothe membrane electrode assembly. The ridged portions are formed into atrapezoid having sides which are slightly inclined so that the separatorcan easily be removed from the die after pressing. In addition, cornerswhich are transitional portions from the surface of the ridged portionto the sides are inevitably formed into a round shape (R-shape) bybending. These constitute restrictions on the enlargement of actualcontact areas to the membrane electrode assembly at the surfaces of theridged portions. A reduction in contact area of the separator to themembrane electrode assembly leads to an increase in contact resistanceand prevents the improvement of power generating performance. Therefore,the enlargement of the contact area is desired. In addition, some ofseparator, the surfaces of the ridged portions are each close to theround shape as a whole and hence their flattened surfaces becomelimited. As this occurs, it is difficult to ensure that a desiredsurface pressure is obtained at the surfaces the ridged portions whichare in contact with the membrane electrode assembly, this also leadingto an increase in contact resistance.

Further, when stainless steel in which conductive inclusions aredeposited and/or dispersed is rolled into a thin plate, there may becaused a case where an abnormal layer is produced on the surface of thethin plate in which conductive inclusions which are broken extremelyfinely by rolling are caused to aggregate. In case a fuel cell isconstituted by separators in which the abnormal layers exist on thesurfaces thereof and is then put in operation, the conductive inclusionsexisting in the abnormal layers drop, which leads to deterioration inpower generating performance.

Moreover, in the manufacture of separators as has been described above,since there exists a surface rolling-affected layer on a stainless steelplate, the steps are required of grinding to remove the surfacerolling-affected layer so as to allow good conductive inclusions thathave not been affected by rolling to be exposed on the surface of a basemetal and, furthermore, allowing the exposed conductive inclusions toprotrude so as to reduce the contact resistance. However, there hasexisted a problem that a naturally oxidized film is formed on thesurface of the base metal between the step of grinding and removing thesurface rolling-affected layer and the step of allowing the conductiveinclusions to protrude. Once a naturally oxidized film is formed on thesurface of the base metal, even if the step of allowing the conductiveinclusions to protrude is implemented thereafter, the effect on theimprovement in conductivity by the step of allowing the conductiveinclusion to protrude cannot be obtained sufficiently due to theexistence of the naturally oxidized film. Owing to this, in order toobtain sufficient conductivity, a complicated step must be implementedfurther, leading to another problem that the production costs areincreased.

Further, after the process of grinding to remove the surfacerolling-affected layers so that the conductive inclusions are allowed toprotrude in the vicinity of the surfaces of the stainless steel plate tothereby reduce the contact resistance, a process is conducted ofapplying to newly produced surfaces of the stainless steel plate atreatment for providing corrosion resistance thereto. In related art,the passivation treatment has been used for providing the corrosionresistance to the newly produced surfaces. However, there has beenexisting a problem that a naturally oxidized film is formed on the newlyproduced surface during the passivation treatment. The naturallyoxidized film is inferior to a film in a passive state in corrosionresistance, and therefore, a further provision of corrosion resistancehas been required. However, even if the passivation treatment isimplemented after a naturally oxidized film has been formed, thenaturally oxidized film interrupts the passivation of the newly producedsurface, and therefore, the corrosion resistance improvement effect bythe passivation treatment cannot be attained sufficiently. Due to this,in order to obtain a sufficient corrosion resistance, a furthercomplicated step has to be implemented, this leading to another problemthat the production costs are increased.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cellmetallic separator formed by pressing so as to have a cross sectionconstituted by alternate ridges and grooves wherein contact areas ofsurfaces of ridged portions to a membrane electrode are enlarged tosecure a desired surface pressure, whereby the contact resistance isreduced to thereby improve the power generating performance and a methodfor manufacturing the same separator.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cellmetallic separator manufactured by rolling a metallic material havingconductive inclusions, wherein the fuel cell metallic separator is notaffected by abnormal layers of conductive inclusions produced on thesurfaces thereof by rolling, whereby its power generating performance isattempted to be improved, as a result, and a method for manufacturingthe same separator.

A third object of the present invention is to provide a method formanufacturing a fuel cell metallic separator in which grinding a surfacerolling-affected layer on a base metal and allowing conductiveinclusions to protrude can be implemented in a single step.

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method formanufacturing a fuel cell metallic separator in which a passivationtreatment can be applied to newly produced surfaces obtained by grindingon a base metal at the same time as the grinding to remove surfacerolling-affected layers.

In order to accomplish the first object above, the following means areadopted. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a fuel cell metallic separator comprising:

a metallic plate having alternatively ridges and grooves in a crosssection which are formed by pressing, each of the ridge portions havinga flattened surface which is brought into contact with a membraneelectrode assembly, the flattened surface being formed by removing apart of the ridged portion after pressing.

In the fuel cell metallic separator, it is preferable that a removedamount of the surface of the ridged portion is 3 μm or larger.

Further, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there isalso provided a method for manufacturing a fuel cell metallic separatorcomprising:

forming a metallic plate having alternatively ridges and grooves in across section, by pressing, and; removing a part of each of the ridgedportions so that each of the ridge portions has a flattened surface. Inthis method, it is preferable that a removed amount of the surface ofthe ridged portion is equal to or larger than 3 μm. As a method forremoving the surface of the ridged portion, there are an electrochemicalmethod such as electrolytic etching, a chemical method such as etchingand a physical method such as cutting or sandblasting.

Further, the inventor came to know that the thickness of the abnormallayer produced on the surfaces of the separator by rolling is somethinglike in the order of 2% of the total thickness, and therefore thepresent invention was eventually completed based on this knowledge.Namely, in order to accomplish the second object above, according to athird aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cellmetallic separator formed by rolling a metallic material havingconductive inclusions and removing a surface of the metallic materialafter rolling by an amount corresponding to 2% or more of a thickness ofthe metallic material after rolling so that the conductive inclusionsare allowed to protrude from the surface of the metallic material afterrolling.

According to the fuel cell metallic separator of the third aspect of thepresent invention, since the surfaces of the separator are removed by 2%or more of the thickness of the metallic material after the material hasbeen rolled, abnormal layers produced on the surfaces of the metallicmaterial by rolling are removed. Therefore, the surfaces of the metallicmaterial are made good and the conductive inclusions are allowed toprotrude therefrom. Due to this, when the metallic separators somanufactured are incorporated in a fuel cell, the contact resistancerelative to a membrane electrode assembly is reduced to thereby improveits power generating performance.

Further, according to a forth aspect of the present invention, there isalso provided a method for manufacturing fuel cell metallic separatorcomprising:

obtaining a blank by rolling a metallic material having conductiveinclusions, and;

removing a surface of the blank by an amount corresponding to 2% or moreof a thickness of the blank so that the conductive inclusions areallowed to protrude from the surface of the blank. As a method forremoving the surfaces, there are an electrochemical method such aselectrolytic etching, a chemical method such as etching and a physicalmethod such as cutting or sandblasting.

In addition, in a case where the blank is formed into a final separatorshape by pressing the blank in such a manner as to form alternate ridgesand grooves on the blank, the surface removing step may be implementedeither before or after the blank is pressed. For the separator sopressed, since surfaces of ridged portions constitute contact portionsto the membrane electrode assembly, the present invention may be limitedsuch that the surface removing process according to the presentinvention is applied only to the surfaces of the ridged portions.Furthermore, in order to improve the corrosion resistance, a passivationtreatment may finally be applied to the surfaces of the separator.

In order to accomplish the third object above, according to a fifthaspect of the present invention, there is provided a method formanufacturing a fuel cell metallic separator having conductiveinclusions in its metallic texture, comprising:

blasting a liquid containing two or more kinds of abrasives havingdifferent particle diameters to a blank that has been rolled.

There exists, in its metal texture of a blank for a metallic separator,conductive inclusions having a hardness higher than that of a basemetal. Therefore, normally, a method for manufacturing a fuel cellmetallic separator requires steps of grinding the surface of the basemetal for removing the conductive inclusions as well as the parent phaseand grinding only the surface of the base metal so as to allow theconductive inclusions to protrude. A wet-blasting method is used as oneof common means used in these steps. In general, this is a method forblasting a liquid containing a single kind of abrasives from a slit-likeinjection port to a body to be ground. In the step of grinding to removethe surface of the base metal, abrasives having a large particlediameter are used which can produce kinetic energy which is large enoughin magnitude to grind conductive inclusions as well as the parent phase.In contrast, in the step of allowing the conductive inclusions toprotrude, abrasives having a small particle diameter are used which canproduce kinetic energy which is small but large enough in magnitude togrind only the surface of the base metal.

On the contrary to this, the method for manufacturing a fuel cellmetallic separator according to the present invention uses a specificwet blasting method for blasting a liquid containing two or more kindsof abrasives having different particle diameters to a separator.Consequently, according to the present invention, not only the parentphase but also the conductive inclusions are ground to be removed by theabrasives having a large particle diameter, and at the same time as thisoccurs, only the surface of the base metal is ground by the abrasiveshaving a small particle diameter. Therefore, allowing the conductiveinclusions to protrude as well as grinding and removing the surface ofthe base metal can be implemented in a single step, whereby theformation of a naturally oxidized film on the surface of the base metalcan be prevented and a superior conductivity improving effect can beobtained. In addition, according to the present invention, since therelated-art complicated steps are no more required, there can beprovided an advantage that the production costs can be reduced to alower level. Furthermore, in the fuel cell using the separators, asuperior power generating voltage can be exhibited.

In addition, the step of blasting the liquid containing two or morekinds of abrasives having different particle diameters may be carriedout after the separator blank has been pressed or before the pressing iscompleted. Furthermore, in the manufacturing method according to thepresent invention, a passivation treatment is preferably applied to thesurface of the separator blank, and this passivation treatment applyingstep may be implemented in any step after the wet-blasting step has beencompleted. In addition, any passivation treatment liquid may be usedprovided that the liquid can form a passive-state film on the surface ofthe base metal of the separator.

Further, in order to accomplish the fourth object above, according tothe sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a methodfor manufacturing a fuel cell metallic separator having conductiveinclusions in its metal texture, the method comprising: blasting apassivation treatment liquid mixed with abrasives to the separator.

As a common method for grinding a fuel cell metallic separator using awet-blasting process, there is a method in which a separator body to beground is ground by blasting water mixed with abrasives to the separatorbody from a slit-like injection port. On the other hand, in the methodfor manufacturing a fuel cell metallic separator according to thepresent invention, a unique wet-blasting process is used in which apassivation treatment liquid mixed with abrasives is blasted to theseparator. According to this method, the surface rolling-affected layersof the separator be ground can be removed by blasting the abrasives tothe separator surfaces so that the conductive inclusions can be exposed.Further, at the same time as this grinding process takes place, apassivation treatment can be applied to newly produced surfaces of theseparator which results from the grinding by blasting the passivationtreatment liquid.

There is no limitation on the passivation treatment liquid that is usedin the method for manufacturing a fuel cell metallic separator accordingto the present invention provided that a film in a passive state can beformed on the surface of the base metal of the separator. In the presentinvention, however, the passivation treatment liquid is preferablynitride acid. In addition, the process of blasting the passivationtreatment liquid mixed with the abrasives of the present invention maybe implemented after the separator blank has been pressed or before thepressing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the concept of a separator according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 is an image of a separator that represents separatorsmanufactured in examples of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a current collecting portion (a portionwhere alternate ridges and grooves are formed) of the separatorsmanufactured in the examples;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of contact resistances measured inthe examples;

FIG. 5 is an image of a separator that is to be manufactured in examplesof the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an image of the surface of the separators of the examples ofthe present invention;

FIG. 7 is an image of the surface of separators of Comparison Exampleswhich correspond to those of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing measured contact resistances of the examplesof the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a graph showing measured corrosion current densities of theexamples of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a relationship between power generatingcurrent density and power generating voltage in a fuel cell usingseparators according to the present invention and a comparison example;and

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between power generatingvoltage and power generating time in a fuel cell using the separators ofthe example of the present invention or the comparison example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 illustrates the concept of a separator according to a firstembodiment of the present invention, in which a surface 11 of a ridgedportion 10 is removed and a flattened surface 12 is newly formed. InFIG. 1, a shaded portion denotes a portion that is removed, and a rangeindicated by “a” or the surface 12 constitutes a contact surface whichis brought into contact with a membrane electrode assembly.Incidentally, “b” denotes a contact area to the membrane electrodeassembly in a state in which the surface 11 is not removed or of therelated-art ridged portion 10.

As is clear in FIG. 1, the contact surface is enlarged by removing thesurface of the ridge portion, and due to this, a desired surfacepressure relative to the membrane electrode assembly is ensured, and thecontact resistance is reduced to thereby improve the power generatingperformance. In a state in which the surface of the ridge portion isremoved, in case the round shape of the corner portions generated bypressing is removed, the contact area is enlarged further, which ispreferable. Stainless steel is preferably used for the separatoraccording to the present invention. Since stainless steel in whichnonmetal conductive inclusions which constitute a conductive path aredispersed into the metallic texture exhibits good conductivity, it isespecially preferable as a material for fuel cell separators. With suchstainless steel being applied to the present invention, the conductiveinclusions are allowed to protrude from the surface when the surface ofthe ridge portion is removed, whereby the improvement in function as theseparator can be attempted. In case an amount of the surface that isremoved after pressing lowers below 3 μm, the effect of reducing thecontact resistance relative to the membrane electrode assembly cannot beobtained largely, and therefore, the removal amount is preferably equalto or larger than 3 μm.

EXAMPLES

Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

A. Manufacture of Separator Examples 1 to 10

An austenite stainless steel plate having a thickness of 0.2 mm waspressed to obtain a required number of square separator blanks of 92 mmwide and 92 mm long. FIG. 2 shows these separator blanks each have acurrent collecting portion having a cross section formed to havealternate ridges and grooves at the center thereof and a flat edgeportion around the periphery of the current collecting portion. FIG. 3illustrates part of the cross section and dimensions of the currentcollecting portion of the separator blank. Next, masking was applied tointerior surfaces of the grooves on both sides of the separator blank,and only surfaces of ridged portions on the sides of the separator blankwere removed by electrolytic etching to thereby flatten the surfaces. Asshown in Table 1, amounts (thicknesses) of the surfaces that wereremoved were 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm and50 μm, whereby 10 kinds of separators which differ in removed amountwere manufactured and they are represented by Examples 1 to 10,respectively. Note that an adhesive tape produced by Fleon IndustriesCo., Ltd. under the trade name of F-7034 (0.8 mm thick) was used as amasking material. In addition, a phosphoric acid electrolytic etchingliquid produced by Jusco Co., Ltd. under the trade name of 6C016 wasused. Then electrolytic etching was carried out in the followingconditions; temperature was 50 degrees centigrade and current densitywas 0.125 A/cm².

Comparison Example

The separator blank in which the surfaces of the ridged portions are notremoved was made a separator of comparison example. TABLE 1 ContactRemoved Amounts Resistance (μm) to MEA (mΩ/cm²) Comparison 0 68 ExampleExample 1 1 30 Example 2 2 27 Example 3 3 16 Example 4 4 17 Example 5 516 Example 6 6 15 Example 7 7 15 Example 8 10 14 Example 9 20 14 Example10 50 14

B. Measuring Contact Resistances

Next, fuel cell units were manufactured using the separators of Examples1 to 10 and the comparison example, respectively, in which theseparators of each example were laminated on sides of a membraneelectrode assembly as an unit, and the units for each example wereactivated to generate power to measure contact resistances of theseparators of those examples relative to the membrane electrodeassemblies. The results of the measurement were also shown in Table 1,and the relationship between the removed amount of the surface of theridged portion and contact resistance are graphed in FIG. 4.

As is clear from FIG. 4, it was verified that the contact resistances ofthe separators of Examples 1 to 10 are far lower than that of theseparator of the comparison example and that flattening the surface ofthe ridged portion by removing part thereof contributed to theimprovement of the power generating performance. In particular, thecontact resistance reduced remarkably with the removed amount of thesurface of the ridged portion being 3 μm. Then, it was confirmed thatsame reduction effect was expected by a further increase in removedamount.

Next, the metallic separator according to a second embodiment of thepresent invention will be explained. An austenite stainless steel platehaving conductive inclusions is raised as a material for the separatoraccording to the second embodiment of the present invention.Specifically speaking, an austenite stainless steel plate is used whichcontains respective components shown in Table 2 and in the remainingportion thereof. Fe, B and unavoidable impurities and in which Cr, Moand B satisfy the following expression (1). B is deposited on thesurface as a boride of M₂B or MB type and a boride of M₂₃(C, B)₆ type,and these borides are conductive inclusions which form a conductive pathon the surface of the separator.Cr(wt %)+3×Mo(wt %)−2.5×B(wt %)≧=7  (1) TABLE 2 C Si Mn P S Al ≦0.150.01˜1.5 0.01˜2.5 ≦0.035 ≦0.01 0.001˜0.2 N Cu Ni Cr Mo ≦0.3 0˜3 7˜5017˜30 0˜7(percent by weight)

Examples

Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

A. Manufacture of Blank

A thin plate having a thickness of 0.2 mm was obtained by cold rolling astainless steel containing respective components shown in Table 3, aswell as Fe and unavoidable impurities in the remaining portion thereofwith an annealing process being suitably carried out during pressing.Next, a required number of square blanks of 100 mm wide and 100 mm longwere obtained by cutting them out of the thin plate so obtained. TABLE 3C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr 0.073 0.28 0.13 0.015 0.001 0.11 10.1 20.9 Mo Nb TiAl N B 2.03 — — 0.08 0.030 0.60(percent by weight)

B. Surface Removing Process and Pressing Example 11

The following wet-blasting process was applied to both surfaces of theblank to thereby remove the surfaces by 4 μm. Alumina particles(produced by Fuji Seisakusho Co., Ltd. under trade name of FujirandomWA#300) having a particle diameter of 0.3 mm was mixed into water asgrinding particles, and this grinding particles mixed water was blastedto the surfaces at a blasting pressure of 1 kg/cm² for 20 seconds. Next,this blank was pressed into a predetermined separator shape to therebyobtain a separator of Example 11.

Example 12

After the blank was pressed into a predetermined separator shape, thesame wet-blasting process as that carried out for Example 11 was appliedto both surfaces of the blank to thereby obtain a separator of Example12 in which the surfaces were removed by 4 μm.

Example 13

The following chemical etching (nitro-hydrofluoric acid etching) processwas applied to the surfaces of the blank to thereby remove the surfacesby 5 μm. An etching liquid containing 20% of nitride acid and 8% ofhydrofluoric acid was held at 30 degrees centigrade and was jet stirred,and the blank was submerged in this etching bath for 30 minutes. Next,the blank was then pressed into a predetermined separator shape tothereby obtain a separator of Example 13.

Example 14

After the blank was pressed into a predetermined separator shape, thesame chemical etching as that carried out for Example 13 was applied toboth surfaces of the blank so as to remove the surfaces by 5 μm tothereby obtain a separator of Example 14.

Example 15

The following sand blasting process was applied to both surfaces of theblank so as to remove the surfaces by 10 μm. The alumina particles usedfor Example 11 were also used as grinding particles, and the aluminaparticles in a dried state were blasted at a blasting pressure of 2kg/cm² for 10 seconds. Next, the blank so sand-blasted was then pressedinto a predetermined separator shape to thereby obtain a separator ofExample 15.

Example 16

After the blank was pressed into a predetermined separator shape, thesame sand blasting process as that carried out for Example 15 wasapplied to both surface of the blank so as to remove the surfaces by 10μm to thereby obtain a separator of Example 16.

Comparison Example 11

The blank was only pressed into a predetermined separator shape and nosurface removing process was carried out, the blank being made to be aseparator of Comparison Example 11.

Comparison Example 12

A separator of Comparison Example 12 was obtained in the similar manneras Example 11 except that both surfaces were removed by 1.5 μm inamount.

Comparison Example 13

A separator of Comparison Example 13 was obtained in the similar manneras Example 12 except that both surfaces were removed by 1.5 μm inamount.

Comparison Example 14

A separator of Comparison Example 14 was obtained in the similar manneras Example 11 except that both surfaces were removed by 2.5 μm inamount.

Comparison Example 15

A separator of Comparison Example 15 was obtained in the similar manneras Example 12 except that both surfaces were removed by 2.5 μm inamount.

Note that FIG. 5 shows a pressed separator which is something like thoseobtained in the examples of the present invention and the comparisonexamples, and this separator has at the center thereof a currentcollecting portion which is pressed so as to have a cross sectionconstituted by alternate ridges and grooves and a flat edge portionaround the periphery of the current collecting portion.

C. Observation of Surfaces

The surfaces of the separators of Example 11 and Comparison Example 11were observed by a microscope. FIG. 6 is an image of the surface of theseparator of Example 11. FIG. 7 is an image of the surface of theseparator of Comparison Example 11. It is observed that unbroken goodconductive inclusions having a particle diameter of in the order of 5 μmwere allowed to protrude from the surface of the separator of Example11. On the other hand, it is observed that finely broken conductiveinclusions aggregated on the surface of the separator of ComparisonExample 11.

D. Measurement of Power Generating Voltage

Using the respective separators of Examples 11 to 16 and ComparisonExample 11 to 15, respectively, fuel cell units were manufactured inwhich the separators were laminated to both sides of a membraneelectrode assembly (MEA), and the fuel cell units so manufactured werethen activated to generate power to measure power generating voltageswhen a current of 0.5 A/cm2 was generated at such timings at an initialpoint in time (0 hour) and points in time; 10 hours has elapsed, 100hours has elapsed, 2000 hours has elapsed and 3000 hours has elapsed,respectively. The results were shown in Tables 4A and 4B together withmanufacture processes (order of surface removing process and pressing)and surface removed amounts. TABLE 4A Surface Removed ManufactureProcesses Amounts (μm) Example 11 wet-blasting −> pressing 4 Example 12pressing −> wet-blasting 4 Example 13 nitro-hydrofluoric acid 5 etching−> pressing Example 14 pressing −> 5 nitro-hydrofluoric acid etchingExample 15 sand blasting −> pressing 10 Example 16 pressing −> sandblasting 10 Comparison pressing only 0 Example 11 Comparisonwet-blasting −> pressing 1.5 Example 12 Comparison pressing −>wet-blasting 1.5 Example 13 Comparison wet-blasting −> pressing 2.5Example 14 Comparison pressing −> wet-blasting 2.5 Example 15

TABLE 4B Power Generating Voltage (V) when a current of 0.5 A/cm² isgenerated 0 10 100 1000 2000 3000 hour hours hours hours hours hoursExample 11 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Example 12 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7Example 13 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Example 14 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7Example 15 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Example 16 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7Comparison 0.7 0.65 0.63 0.55 0.43 0.24 Example 11 Comparison 0.7 0.690.66 0.63 0.59 0.55 Example 12 Comparison 0.7 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.59 0.55Example 13 Comparison 0.7 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.63 Example 14 Comparison0.7 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.61 Example 15

As is clear from Table 2, with the separators of the examples of thepresent invention, a power generating voltage at the initial point intime was still maintained even at the point in time when 3000 hours hadelapsed, whereas with the separators of Comparison Examples, it isobserved that the initial power generating voltage was reduced withtime, this verifying the effectiveness of the present invention.

E. Effect of Passivation Treatment

Next, the verification was made with respect to the superiorityresulting when a passivation treatment was finally applied to thesurfaces of the separator.

Example 17

An electrolytic etching process was applied to the surfaces of the blankso as to remove the surfaces by 4 μm. A phosphoric acid electrolyticetching liquid (produced by Jusco Co., Ltd. under the trade name of6C016) was held at 50 degrees centigrade, a current having a currentdensity of 0.125 A/cm² was conducted through the etching liquid, and theblank was submerged in the etching bath for 10 minutes. Next, the blankwas then pressed into a predetermined separator shape. Finally, thepressed separator was submerged for 10 minutes in a liquid bathcontaining 50 percent by weight of nitride acid for passivationtreatment of the surfaces to thereby obtain a separator of Example 17.

Comparison Example 16

The same passivation treatment as done for Example 17 was applied to theseparator of Comparison Example 11 to thereby obtain a separator ofExample 16.

The separators of Example 17, Comparison Example 11 and ComparisonExample 16 were brought into contact with membrane electrode assembly,respectively to measure contact resistances of the respectiveseparators. The results of the measurements were shown in FIG. 8. Inaddition, corrosion current densities of the separators of Example 17,Comparison Example 11 and Comparison Example 16 were measured. Theresults of the measurements were shown in FIG. 9. As is clear from theresults, the separator of Example 17, to the surfaces of which thepassivation treatment was applied, showed the lowest values for bothcontact resistance and corrosion current density. Consequently, it canbe expected that a separator to the surfaces of which a passivationtreatment is applied exhibits a higher power generating performance.

Next, the metallic separator according to a third embodiment of thepresent invention will be explained. An austenite stainless steel platehaving conductive inclusions is raised as a material for the separatoraccording to the third embodiment of the present invention, as is thecase with that of the second embodiment of the present invention. Thatis, an austenite stainless steel plate is used which contains respectivecomponents shown in Table 2 above and in the remaining portion thereof.Fe, B and unavoidable impurities and in which Cr, Mo and B satisfy theabove-mentioned expression (1), B is deposited on the surface as aboride of M₂B or MB type and a boride of M₂₃(C, B)₆ type, and theseborides are conductive inclusions which form a conductive path on thesurface of the separator.

Example

Next, the effectiveness of the present invention will be described indetail using an example of the present invention.

A. Manufacture of Separator Example

An austenite stainless steel plate containing respective componentsshown in Table 5 and in the remaining portion thereof. Fe andunavoidable impurities was cut into a square shape which is 100 mm wideand 100 mm long to thereby obtain a blank for a separator. Next, tapwater mixed with 33.3 percent by weight of two kinds of aluminaparticles whose particle diameters are 60 μm and 180 μm, respectively,at a weight ratio of 1 to 1 as grinding particles and held at atemperature of 30 degrees centigrade was sprayed to both sides of theblank from a spray nozzle at a spraying pressure of 1 kg/cm² for 30seconds, whereby grinding the parent phase and allowing conductiveinclusions to protrude were implemented using the wet-blasting method.Next, the blank was rinsed and after it dried out, the blank was pressedwith a press load of 50 tons and a separator according to the examplewas obtained. TABLE 5 C Si Mn P S Al N Cu 0.073 0.28 0.13 0.015 0.0010.08 0.03 0.11 Ni Cr Mo B 10.1 20.9 2.03 0.60(percent by weight)

Comparison Example

Next, tap water mixed with 33.3 percent by weight of alumina particleswhose particle diameters is 180 μm as grinding particles and held at atemperature of 30 degrees centigrade was sprayed to both sides of aseparator blank which was similar to one used for the example from aspray nozzle at a spraying pressure of 1 kg/cm² for 30 seconds, wherebygrinding by the wet-blasting method was implemented. Next, the blank wasrinsed and after it dried out, the blank was pressed with a press loadof 50 tons and a separator according to the example was obtained. Next,tap water mixed with 33.3 percent by weight of alumina particles whoseparticle diameters is 60 μm as grinding particles and held at atemperature of 30 degrees centigrade was sprayed to the sides of theseparator blank from the spray nozzle at the spraying pressure of 1kg/cm² for 30 seconds, whereby allowing conductive inclusions toprotrude was implemented using the wet-blasting method. Thereafter, theblank was rinsed and after it dried out, the blank was pressed with apress load of 50 tons and a separator according to the comparisonexample was obtained.

B. Deterioration with Age of Power Generating Voltage

Manufactured using the separators of the example of the presentinvention and the comparison example which were obtained as has beendescribed above were fuel cell units in each of which the separatorswere laminated on sides of a membrane electrode assemble (MEA), and theunits were activated so as to generate power and deteriorations in powergenerating voltage as the power generating current density increaseswere measured. The results of the measurement are shown in FIG. 10.

As is clear from FIG. 10, with the fuel cell unit using the separatorsof the example of the present invention which was manufactured byimplementing the steps of grinding a surface rolling-affected layer andallowing conductive inclusions to protrude at the same time, thedeterioration in power generating voltage as the power generatingcurrent density increases was extremely low when compared with the fuelcell unit using the separators of the comparison example which wasmanufactured by implementing the steps of grinding a surfacerolling-affected layer and allowing conductive inclusions to protrudesequentially.

Next, the metallic separator according to a fourth embodiment of thepresent invention will be explained. An austenite stainless steel platehaving conductive inclusions is raised as a material for the separatoraccording to the third embodiment of the present invention, as is thecase with that of the second embodiment of the present invention. Thatis, an austenite stainless steel plate is used which contains respectivecomponents shown in Table 2 and in the remaining portion thereof. Fe, Band unavoidable impurities and in which Cr, Mo and B satisfy theabove-mentioned expression (1), B is deposited on the surface as aboride of M₂B or MB type and a boride of M₂₃(C, B)₆ type, and theseborides are conductive inclusions which form a conductive path on thesurface of the separator.

Example

Next, the effectiveness of the present invention will be described indetail using an example of the present invention.

A. Manufacture of Separator Example

An austenite stainless steel plate containing respective componentsshown in Table 6, as well as Fe and unavoidable impurities in theremaining portion thereof and having a thickness of 0.2 mm was cut intoa square separator of 100 mm wide and 100 mm long to thereby obtain aseparator blank. Next, 5 percent by weight of nitride acid mixed with33.3 percent by weight of alumina particles having a particle diameterof 60 μm as grinding particles and held at 50 degrees centigrade wasblasted to both surfaces of the blank at a blasting pressure of 1 kg/cm²for 30 seconds so that grinding and passivation treatment using thewet-blasting process were thus carried out. Next, after it was rinsedand dried, the blank was pressed with a press load of 50 tons to therebyobtain a separator of an example of the present invention. TABLE 6 C SiMn P S Al N Cu 0.073 0.28 0.13 0.015 0.001 0.08 0.03 0.11 Ni Cr Mo B10.1 20.9 2.03 0.60(percent by weight)

Comparison Example

Tap water mixed with 33.3 percent by weight of alumina particles havinga particle diameter of 60 μm as grinding particles and held at 30degrees centigrade was blasted to both surfaces of the same blank asused for the above example at a blasting pressure of 1 kg/cm² for 30seconds and grinding using the wet-blasting process was thus carriedout. Next, the blank was submerged in 5 percent by weight of nitrideacid which was held at 50 degrees centigrade for 3 minutes and apassivation treatment was thus carried out. Next, after it was rinsedand dried, the blank was pressed with a press load of 50 tons to therebyobtain a separator of a comparison example.

B. Deterioration with Time of Power Generating Voltage

Fuel cell units were manufactured using the separators of the example ofthe present invention and the comparison example, respectively, whichwere obtained as has been described above in which the separators arelaminated on both sides of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and theunits were activated to generate power, whereby a deterioration in powergenerating voltage as power generating time elapses when a current of0.5 A/cm² was measured for each example. The results of the measurementswere shown in FIG. 11.

As is clear from FIG. 11, with the fuel cell unit using the separatorsof the example of the present invention in which no naturally oxidizedfilm but a film in a passive state was formed on the surfaces of theseparator and which is superior in corrosion resistance, there wasextremely little deterioration in power generating voltage even if powerwas generated over a long period of time. In contrast, with the fuelcell unit using the separator of the comparison example in which a filmin a passive state was formed on the surfaces of the separator via anaturally oxidized film, it was found that the power generating voltagewas reduced as the power generating time elapsed.

Thus, as has been described heretofore, according to the presentinvention, in the fuel cell metallic separator formed by pressing so asto have a cross section constituted by alternate ridges and grooves, thecontact area at the surface of the ridged portion is enlarged byremoving the surface of the ridged portion that is brought into contactwith the membrane electrode assembly after pressing so as to make theflattened surface. Therefore, the desired surface pressure can beensured, whereby the contact resistance relative to the membraneelectrode assembly is reduced, and as a result, there can be provided anadvantage that the power generating performance is improved.

As has been described heretofore, according to the present invention,the abnormal layers produced on the surfaces of the metallic materialwhen it is rolled are removed by removing the surfaces of the metallicmaterial by 2% or more of the thickness of the metallic material afterthe material has been rolled, and the resulting surfaces become good andthe conductive inclusions are allowed to protrude therefrom. Thus, therecan be provided an advantage that the contact resistance relative to theentirety of the membrane electrode assembly is reduced, whereby theimprovement in power generating performance can be attempted.

As has been described above, according to the present invention, sincegrinding the surface rolling-affected layer of a base metal and allowingconductive inclusions to protrude can be implemented simultaneously byusing the unique wet-blasting method in which the liquid containing twoor more kinds of abrasives having different particle diameters isblasted to a blank after the blank has been rolled, the formation of anaturally oxidized film on the surface of the base metal can beprevented to thereby obtain a superior conductivity improvement effect,and a fuel cell using the separators so manufactured can exhibit asuperior power generating voltage.

As has been described heretofore, according to the present invention, byusing the unique wet-blasting process in which the passivation treatmentliquid mixed with abrasives is blasted to the separator, the surfacerolling-affected layers of the separator can be ground to be removed tothereby allow conductive inclusions to be exposed by the abrasives soblasted, and at the same time as this occurs, the passivation treatmentcan be applied to newly produced surfaces of the separator which resultfrom the grinding through blasting the passivation treatment liquid tothe separator.

1. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell metallic separator havingconductive inclusions in its metallic texture, comprising: blasting aliquid containing two or more kinds of abrasives each kind havingdifferent particle diameters from each other to a blank that has beenrolled.
 2. A method for manufacturing fuel cell metallic separator asset forth in claim 1, further comprising: applying a passivationtreatment to a surface of the blank.
 3. A method for manufacturing afuel cell metallic separator having conductive inclusions in its metaltexture, the method comprising: blasting a passivation treatment liquidmixed with abrasives to the separator.
 4. A method for manufacturingfuel cell metallic separator as set forth in claim 3, wherein thepassivation treatment liquid includes nitride acid.